Mineral content in French type bread with sodium replacement using fluorescence spectrometry X-rays by energy dispersive

The present study aimed to determine the mineral composition of the French type bread with partial replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride using the technique of X-ray fluorescence energy dispersive. The excitation energy used was 50 keV and detector operation at -176°C. The detected variations were from 10.16 to 613.69 mg 100 g-1 for sodium and from 211.58 to 958.96 mg 100 g-1 for potassium. The concentrations of iron, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium ranged from 10.62 to 21.45, 16.59 to 30.78, 92.53 to 125.77 and from 16.54 to 100.88 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The use of this simple technique proved to be reliable on detecting the variations imposed on the French type bread formulation. The results of this study indicate that, at the levels studied, the addition of potassium chloride assisted in getting French type bread with lower levels of sodium and proved the technological feasibility of producing French type bread with 43% salt reduction (1.0% in the commercial formulation) with 0.5% potassium chloride, which provide bread with the amount of sodium proposed to meet the set limits (174.09 mg.50 g-1), related to the salt standard formulation of 1.88% (306.5 mg.50 g-1).Key words: French bread, replacement, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, food analysis, minerals, energy dispersive

Mapeamento da cultura cafeeira por meio de classificação automática utilizando atributos espectrais, texturais e fator de iluminação

Coffee, an important product in Brazilian exports, needs constant monitoring, so that systems and forecasting of existing crops can be reliable. Orbital imagery of medium spatial resolution are tools with great potential for land use mapping and identification of agricultural crops. This research evaluated the performance of the object based classification, applied in OLI/Landsat-8 images, with the purpose of mapping of coffee crops. Three analyzes were made, the first one using exclusively spectral attribute, the second one including textural attributes and the third also considering illumination classes. Six OLI/Landsat-8 multispectral images were used, representing three different coffee phenological stages: fructification, graining and rest. The validation of the classifications was performed by the Monte Carlo method using reference images obtained by visual interpretation. The classification using exclusively spectral attributes resulted an accuracy of 57% for coffee class. There was no phenological stage that provided greater accuracy to the coffee class in the automatic classification of OLI/Landsat-8 images. The results demonstrate that texture is important for coffee detection, thus visual interpretation remains an important step to minimize classification errors.O café, importante produto nas exportações brasileiras, necessita de constante monitoramento para que os sistemas de previsão de safras existentes sejam confiáveis. Imagens orbitais de média resolução espacial são ferramentas com grande potencial para mapeamento do uso do solo e identificação de culturas agrícolas. Nesta pesquisa, visando o mapeamento de áreas cafeeiras, avaliou-se o desempenho da classificação baseada em objetos, associada a técnicas de mineração de dados, aplicada em imagens OLI/Landsat-8. Foram feitas três classificações automáticas, a primeira constando exclusivamente atributos espectrais, a segunda acrescentando atributos texturais e a terceira, incluindo também classes de iluminação do terreno. Foram utilizadas seis imagens multiespectrais, datadas de três diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura: frutificação, granação e repouso. A validação das classificações foi feita por meio do Método de Monte Carlo utilizando como referência mapas visualmente interpretados. As classificações feitas exclusivamente com atributos espectrais resultaram, para a classe café, exatidão média de 57%. Não houve estádio fenológico que proporcionasse maior exatidão à classe café, entretanto ao incluir os atributos texturais, a exatidão da classe café melhorou para 76%. Assim, observa-se que atributos texturais mostraram-se importantes para detecção automática de áreas cafeeiras

COMPLEXO ENZIMÁTICO EM RAÇÕES PARA LEITÕES NAS FASES PRÉ-INICIAL E INICIAL

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using an enzymatic complex in piglet feeds on the zootechnical performance in the pre-starter and initial phases. For this purpose, 292 piglets, castrated males and females, of commercial lineage were used. The enzyme supplementation period in the maternity hospital was from the seventh to the twenty-first day of age, and in the nursery, it was from the waning until the exit for the growth phase. The design used was completely randomized, with the mother and her litter considered the experimental unit during maternity and a stall with 10 piglets in the nursery. In maternity, the treatments consisted of: T1 - control feed, without the enzymatic complex; T2 - control diet with on top addition of the enzymatic complex with 5% inclusion. Three treatments were defined at the nursery: T1 - control feed; T2 - control diet with inclusion on top of 5% of the enzymatic complex in the maternity phase; T3 - control feed with the inclusion of 5% enzymatic complex in the maternity and nursery phases. Supplementation during lactation did not influence litter performance in the maternity unit until 21 days. In the nursery, piglets fed with control feed had higher initial weight compared to those supplemented in the maternity and nursery phases. At the end of the phase, the piglets showed similar performance, regardless of diet. It is concluded that the inclusion of the enzymatic complex used in the on top form in diets for piglets did not influence performance parameters in maternity; however, it favored the recovery of weaned piglets with lower weight.Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito da utilização de complexo enzimático em rações para leitões sobre o desempenho zootécnico nas fases pré-inicial e inicial. Foram utilizados, para isso, 292 leitões, machos castrados e fêmeas, de linhagem comercial. O período de suplementação da enzima, na maternidade, foi do sétimo ao vigésimo primeiro dia de idade, e, na creche, foi do desmame até a saída para a fase de crescimento. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo a matriz e sua leitegada consideradas a unidade experimental durante a maternidade e uma baia com dez leitões na creche. Na maternidade, os tratamentos consistiram em: T1 - ração controle, sem complexo enzimático; T2 - ração controle com adição on top do complexo enzimático com inclusão de 5%. Na creche, foram definidos três tratamentos: T1 - ração controle; T2 - ração controle com inclusão on top de 5% do complexo enzimático na fase de maternidade; T3 - ração controle com inclusão de 5% de complexo enzimático nas fases de maternidade e creche. A suplementação durante a lactação não influenciou o desempenho da leitegada na maternidade até o 21º dia. Na creche, leitões alimentados com ração controle apresentaram maior peso inicial em relação aos suplementados na fase de maternidade e creche. Ao término da fase, os leitões mostraram desempenho semelhante, independente da dieta. Conclui-se que a inclusão do complexo enzimático na forma on top em dietas para leitões não influenciou parâmetros de desempenho na maternidade, porém, favoreceu a recuperação de leitões desmamados com menor peso

Night Work And Its Implications In The Quality Of Life Of Nurses

Objective: to know the consequences that night work can bring to the quality of life of nurses, identifying the strategies adopted by nurses to stay healthy. Method: descriptive, mixed-approach (quanti-qualitative) research, carried out with nine Nursing professionals. Data were collected in June 2016. Results: The male gender (77.7%) prevailed, the working time in the sector was between 1 and 5 years (55.5%), with the majority still working overtime (66.6%). Most participants report being dissatisfied with the quality of their sleep, although 88.8% of professionals say they are satisfied with their quality of life. From the testimonies, we obtained the meanings that were grouped in the categories: "It is something related to my health", "It interferes with my work, family and leisure ...", Night work and basic necessities. Conclusion: It was found that night work has negative social impacts that affect workers' personal and social lives. These negative aspects are compounded by poor working conditions, double working hours, overtime, among other factors

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Percepção Socioambiental dos Moradores sobre a Disposição Inadequada de Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) de um Bairro em Expansão na cidade de Sobral/CE

Diante do cenário de crise ambiental vivenciado pela sociedade, uma das problemáticas mais preocupantes é a questão dos resíduos sólidos e, dentre esses, os que ocupam maior volume são os provenientes da indústria da construção civil. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a percepção socioambiental dos moradores de um bairro em processo de expansão da cidade de Sobral/CE acerca da questão de resíduos sólidos. Tal estudo foi realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário a fim de mensurar a consciência da população quanto à problemática. Concluiu-se que o bairro e os construtores carecem de programas de educação ambiental bem como de uma fiscalização mais eficiente